Exploitation evidence
Known exploited · CISA KEV listed
Added 2023-10-16. Ransomware campaign use: Unknown.
CISA required action: Verify that instances of Cisco IOS XE Web UI are in compliance with BOD 23-02 and apply mitigations per vendor instructions. For affected products (Cisco IOS XE Web UI exposed to the internet or to untrusted networks), follow vendor instructions to determine if a system may have been compromised and immediately report positive findings to CISA.
CISA due date: 2023-10-20. This is the catalog’s deadline, not an assessment of your organization’s exposure.
KEV checked 13 Nov 2026, 00:20 Jerusalem · Original catalog ↗Reported products and versions
Cisco / Cisco IOS XE Software
Default status: Not specified
- affected: 16.1.1
- affected: 16.1.2
- affected: 16.1.3
- affected: 16.2.1
- affected: 16.2.2
- affected: 16.3.1
- affected: 16.3.2
- affected: 16.3.3
- affected: 16.3.1a
- affected: 16.3.4
- affected: 16.3.5
- affected: 16.3.5b
- affected: 16.3.6
- affected: 16.3.7
- affected: 16.3.8
- affected: 16.3.9
- affected: 16.3.10
- affected: 16.3.11
- affected: 16.4.1
- affected: 16.4.2
- affected: 16.4.3
- affected: 16.5.1
- affected: 16.5.1a
- affected: 16.5.1b
- affected: 16.5.2
- affected: 16.5.3
- affected: 16.6.1
- affected: 16.6.2
- affected: 16.6.3
- affected: 16.6.4
- affected: 16.6.5
- affected: 16.6.4a
- affected: 16.6.5a
- affected: 16.6.6
- affected: 16.6.7
- affected: 16.6.8
- affected: 16.6.9
- affected: 16.6.10
- affected: 16.7.1
- affected: 16.7.1a
- affected: 16.7.1b
- affected: 16.7.2
- affected: 16.7.3
- affected: 16.7.4
- affected: 16.8.1
- affected: 16.8.1a
- affected: 16.8.1b
- affected: 16.8.1s
- affected: 16.8.1c
- affected: 16.8.1d
- affected: 16.8.2
- affected: 16.8.1e
- affected: 16.8.3
- affected: 16.9.1
- affected: 16.9.2
- affected: 16.9.1a
- affected: 16.9.1b
- affected: 16.9.1s
- affected: 16.9.3
- affected: 16.9.4
- affected: 16.9.3a
- affected: 16.9.5
- affected: 16.9.5f
- affected: 16.9.6
- affected: 16.9.7
- affected: 16.9.8
- affected: 16.10.1
- affected: 16.10.1a
- affected: 16.10.1b
- affected: 16.10.1s
- affected: 16.10.1c
- affected: 16.10.1e
- affected: 16.10.1d
- affected: 16.10.2
- affected: 16.10.1f
- affected: 16.10.1g
- affected: 16.10.3
- affected: 16.11.1
- affected: 16.11.1a
- affected: 16.11.1b
- affected: 16.11.2
- affected: 16.11.1s
- affected: 16.12.1
- affected: 16.12.1s
- affected: 16.12.1a
- affected: 16.12.1c
- affected: 16.12.1w
- affected: 16.12.2
- affected: 16.12.1y
- affected: 16.12.2a
- affected: 16.12.3
- affected: 16.12.8
- affected: 16.12.2s
- affected: 16.12.1x
- affected: 16.12.1t
- affected: 16.12.4
- affected: 16.12.3s
- affected: 16.12.3a
- affected: 16.12.4a
- affected: 16.12.5
- affected: 16.12.6
- affected: 16.12.1z1
- affected: 16.12.5a
- affected: 16.12.5b
- affected: 16.12.1z2
- affected: 16.12.6a
- affected: 16.12.7
- affected: 16.12.9
- affected: 16.12.10
- affected: 17.1.1
- affected: 17.1.1a
- affected: 17.1.1s
- affected: 17.1.1t
- affected: 17.1.3
- affected: 17.2.1
- affected: 17.2.1r
- affected: 17.2.1a
- affected: 17.2.1v
- affected: 17.2.2
- affected: 17.2.3
- affected: 17.3.1
- affected: 17.3.2
- affected: 17.3.3
- affected: 17.3.1a
- affected: 17.3.1w
- affected: 17.3.2a
- affected: 17.3.1x
- affected: 17.3.1z
- affected: 17.3.4
- affected: 17.3.5
- affected: 17.3.4a
- affected: 17.3.6
- affected: 17.3.4b
- affected: 17.3.4c
- affected: 17.3.5a
- affected: 17.3.5b
- affected: 17.3.7
- affected: 17.3.8
- affected: 17.4.1
- affected: 17.4.2
- affected: 17.4.1a
- affected: 17.4.1b
- affected: 17.4.2a
- affected: 17.5.1
- affected: 17.5.1a
- affected: 17.5.1b
- affected: 17.5.1c
- affected: 17.6.1
- affected: 17.6.2
- affected: 17.6.1w
- affected: 17.6.1a
- affected: 17.6.1x
- affected: 17.6.3
- affected: 17.6.1y
- affected: 17.6.1z
- affected: 17.6.3a
- affected: 17.6.4
- affected: 17.6.1z1
- affected: 17.6.5
- affected: 17.6.6
- affected: 17.7.1
- affected: 17.7.1a
- affected: 17.7.1b
- affected: 17.7.2
- affected: 17.10.1
- affected: 17.10.1a
- affected: 17.10.1b
- affected: 17.8.1
- affected: 17.8.1a
- affected: 17.9.1
- affected: 17.9.1w
- affected: 17.9.2
- affected: 17.9.1a
- affected: 17.9.1x
- affected: 17.9.1y
- affected: 17.9.3
- affected: 17.9.2a
- affected: 17.9.1x1
- affected: 17.9.3a
- affected: 17.9.4
- affected: 17.9.1y1
- affected: 17.11.1
- affected: 17.11.1a
- affected: 17.12.1
- affected: 17.12.1a
- affected: 17.11.99SW
Fixes and workarounds
No explicit solution text in the downloaded CVE record. Consult the vendor advisory; unaffected version ranges are shown above as reported, not inferred as a patch recommendation.
Sources and related reporting
Observed change timeline
History begins when Egret first downloads each source. It is not the complete upstream CVE history.
12 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-12",
"epss": 0.99781,
"percentile": 0.99955
}10 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-10",
"epss": 0.99781,
"percentile": 0.99955
}09 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-09",
"epss": 0.99781,
"percentile": 0.99955
}08 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-08",
"epss": 0.99781,
"percentile": 0.99955
}07 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-07",
"epss": 0.99781,
"percentile": 0.99955
}06 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-06",
"epss": 0.99613,
"percentile": 0.99947
}06 Nov 2026, 06:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-05",
"epss": 0.99613,
"percentile": 0.99947
}05 Nov 2026, 00:20 Jerusalem · CVE Program record changed
Stored CNA snapshot at this observation.
{
"containers": {
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"tags": [
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"cna": {
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{
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"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.1.1"
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.1.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.2"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.1a"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.4"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.5"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.5b"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.6"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.7"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.8"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.9"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.10"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.3.11"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.4.1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.4.2"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.4.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.5.1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.5.1a"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.5.1b"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.5.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.5.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.4a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.5a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.7.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.7.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.7.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.7.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.7.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.1s"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.1c"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.1d"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.1e"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.8.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.1s"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.3a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.5f"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.9.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1s"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1c"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1e"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1d"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1f"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.1g"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.10.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.11.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.11.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.11.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.11.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.11.1s"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.1s"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.1a"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.1c"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.1w"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.2"
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{
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{
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.1.1a"
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{
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"version": "17.1.1s"
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{
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"version": "17.1.1t"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.1.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.2.1r"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.2.1a"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.2.1v"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.2.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.2.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.1a"
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{
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"version": "17.3.1w"
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{
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{
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"version": "17.3.1x"
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{
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"version": "17.3.1z"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.4"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.5"
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{
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"version": "17.3.4a"
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{
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"version": "17.3.6"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.4b"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.4c"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.5a"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.5b"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.8"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.4.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.4.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.4.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.4.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.4.2a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.5.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.5.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.5.1b"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.5.1c"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.1w"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.1x"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.1y"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.1z"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.3a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.1z1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.7.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.7.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.7.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.10.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.10.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.10.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.8.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.8.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.1w"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.1x"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.1y"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.2a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.1x1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.3a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.1y1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.11.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.11.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.12.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.12.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.11.99SW"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Cisco is providing an update for the ongoing investigation into observed exploitation of the web UI feature in Cisco IOS XE Software. We are updating the list of fixed releases and adding the Software Checker. Our investigation has determined that the actors exploited two previously unknown issues. The attacker first exploited CVE-2023-20198 to gain initial access and issued a privilege 15 command to create a local user and password combination. This allowed the user to log in with normal user access. The attacker then exploited another component of the web UI feature, leveraging the new local user to elevate privilege to root and write the implant to the file system. Cisco has assigned CVE-2023-20273 to this issue. CVE-2023-20198 has been assigned a CVSS Score of 10.0. CVE-2023-20273 has been assigned a CVSS Score of 7.2. Both of these CVEs are being tracked by CSCwh87343."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Cisco is aware of active exploitation of these vulnerabilities."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-420",
"description": "Unprotected Alternate Channel",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-01-25T16:57:55.900Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-iosxe-webui-privesc-j22SaA4z",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-iosxe-webui-privesc-j22SaA4z"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-iosxe-webui-privesc-j22SaA4z",
"defects": [
"CSCwh87343"
],
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-20198",
"datePublished": "2023-10-16T15:12:58.735Z",
"dateReserved": "2022-10-27T18:47:50.365Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-21T23:05:34.401Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}04 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-04",
"epss": 0.99613,
"percentile": 0.99947
}03 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-03",
"epss": 0.99613,
"percentile": 0.99948
}03 Nov 2026, 02:22 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-02",
"epss": 0.99613,
"percentile": 0.99948
}03 Nov 2026, 02:22 Jerusalem · CISA KEV status changed
Stored KEV snapshot at this observation.
{
"cveID": "CVE-2023-20198",
"cwes": [
"CWE-420"
],
"dateAdded": "2023-10-16",
"dueDate": "2023-10-20",
"forensicTriage": "No",
"knownRansomwareCampaignUse": "Unknown",
"notes": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ios-nx-os-software/ios-xe-dublin-17121/221128-software-fix-availability-for-cisco-ios.html; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20198",
"product": "IOS XE Web UI",
"requiredAction": "Verify that instances of Cisco IOS XE Web UI are in compliance with BOD 23-02 and apply mitigations per vendor instructions. For affected products (Cisco IOS XE Web UI exposed to the internet or to untrusted networks), follow vendor instructions to determine if a system may have been compromised and immediately report positive findings to CISA.",
"shortDescription": "Cisco IOS XE Web UI contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the web user interface that could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to create an account with privilege level 15 access. The attacker can then use that account to gain control of the affected device.",
"vendorProject": "Cisco",
"vulnerabilityName": "Cisco IOS XE Web UI Privilege Escalation Vulnerability"
}