{"history":[{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":22502,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1794500401,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-12\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96473}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":20121,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1794327601,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-10\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96451}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":18087,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1794241201,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-09\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96447}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":16151,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1794154800,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-08\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96446}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":14129,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1794068402,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-07\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96443}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":11911,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1793982001,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-06\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96438}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":9897,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1793938800,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-05\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96435}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":7445,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1793809200,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-04\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96432}"},{"alert":1,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":6222,"kind":"cna","observed_at":1793809200,"payload":"{\"containers\": {\"adp\": [{\"providerMetadata\": {\"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z\", \"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\"}, \"references\": [{\"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"], \"url\": \"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927\"}, {\"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"], \"url\": \"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931\"}, {\"url\": \"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931\"}, {\"url\": \"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927\"}], \"title\": \"CVE Program Container\"}, {\"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"baseScore\": 5.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"userInteraction\": \"REQUIRED\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N\", \"version\": \"3.1\"}}, {\"other\": {\"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2023-41991\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"active\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-02-04T15:13:21.191475Z\", \"version\": \"2.0.3\"}, \"type\": \"ssvc\"}}, {\"other\": {\"content\": {\"dateAdded\": \"2023-09-25\", \"reference\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991\"}, \"type\": \"kev\"}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"cweId\": \"CWE-295\", \"description\": \"CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation\", \"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"dateUpdated\": \"2025-10-21T23:05:37.441Z\", \"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\"}, \"references\": [{\"tags\": [\"government-resource\"], \"url\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991\"}], \"timeline\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2023-09-25T00:00:00.000Z\", \"value\": \"CVE-2023-41991 added to CISA KEV\"}], \"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\"}], \"cna\": {\"affected\": [{\"product\": \"iOS and iPadOS\", \"vendor\": \"Apple\", \"versions\": [{\"lessThan\": \"16.7\", \"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"unspecified\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}]}, {\"product\": \"macOS\", \"vendor\": \"Apple\", \"versions\": [{\"lessThan\": \"13.6\", \"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"unspecified\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"description\": \"A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.\", \"lang\": \"en\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"dateUpdated\": \"2024-01-10T22:03:18.435Z\", \"orgId\": \"286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c\", \"shortName\": \"apple\"}, \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927\"}, {\"url\": \"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931\"}]}}, \"cveMetadata\": {\"assignerOrgId\": \"286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c\", \"assignerShortName\": \"apple\", \"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-41991\", \"datePublished\": \"2023-09-21T18:23:48.974Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-09-06T17:40:06.142Z\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\"}, \"dataType\": \"CVE_RECORD\", \"dataVersion\": \"5.2\"}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":5222,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1793722800,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-03\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.96425}"},{"alert":0,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":3004,"kind":"epss","observed_at":1793665375,"payload":"{\"date\": \"2026-11-02\", \"epss\": 0.1338, \"percentile\": 0.9642}"},{"alert":1,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","id":762,"kind":"kev","observed_at":1793665375,"payload":"{\"cveID\": \"CVE-2023-41991\", \"cwes\": [\"CWE-295\"], \"dateAdded\": \"2023-09-25\", \"dueDate\": \"2023-10-16\", \"forensicTriage\": \"No\", \"knownRansomwareCampaignUse\": \"Unknown\", \"notes\": \"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213926, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213928, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213929, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931 ;  https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41991\", \"product\": \"Multiple Products\", \"requiredAction\": \"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.\", \"shortDescription\": \"Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.\", \"vendorProject\": \"Apple\", \"vulnerabilityName\": \"Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability\"}"}],"record":{"affected":[{"product":"iOS and iPadOS","vendor":"Apple","versions":[{"lessThan":"16.7","status":"affected","version":"unspecified","versionType":"custom"}]},{"product":"macOS","vendor":"Apple","versions":[{"lessThan":"13.6","status":"affected","version":"unspecified","versionType":"custom"}]}],"cna":{"containers":{"adp":[{"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","shortName":"CVE"},"references":[{"tags":["x_transferred"],"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927"},{"tags":["x_transferred"],"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927"}],"title":"CVE Program Container"},{"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":5.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","version":"3.1"}},{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2023-41991","options":[{"Exploitation":"active"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2025-02-04T15:13:21.191475Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}},{"other":{"content":{"dateAdded":"2023-09-25","reference":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991"},"type":"kev"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-295","description":"CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2025-10-21T23:05:37.441Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"references":[{"tags":["government-resource"],"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991"}],"timeline":[{"lang":"en","time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","value":"CVE-2023-41991 added to CISA KEV"}],"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"product":"iOS and iPadOS","vendor":"Apple","versions":[{"lessThan":"16.7","status":"affected","version":"unspecified","versionType":"custom"}]},{"product":"macOS","vendor":"Apple","versions":[{"lessThan":"13.6","status":"affected","version":"unspecified","versionType":"custom"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7."}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"description":"A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.","lang":"en"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2024-01-10T22:03:18.435Z","orgId":"286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c","shortName":"apple"},"references":[{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931"}]}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c","assignerShortName":"apple","cveId":"CVE-2023-41991","datePublished":"2023-09-21T18:23:48.974Z","dateReserved":"2023-09-06T17:40:06.142Z","dateUpdated":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"cna_checked":1794241201,"cve":"CVE-2023-41991","description":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.","epss":{"date":"2026-11-12","epss":0.1338,"percentile":0.96473},"epss_checked":1794522003,"first_seen":1793665375,"kev":{"cveID":"CVE-2023-41991","cwes":["CWE-295"],"dateAdded":"2023-09-25","dueDate":"2023-10-16","forensicTriage":"No","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","notes":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213926, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213928, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213929, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931 ;  https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41991","product":"Multiple Products","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","shortDescription":"Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.","vendorProject":"Apple","vulnerabilityName":"Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability"},"kev_checked":1794522003,"products":"Apple iOS and iPadOS, Apple macOS","references":["https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927","https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931","https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931","https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927","https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991"],"score":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":5.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","provider":"CISA-ADP","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","version":"3.1"},"solutions":"","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability","updated_at":1794500401,"workarounds":""},"sources":[]}