Exploitation evidence
Known exploited · CISA KEV listed
Added 2025-09-04. Ransomware campaign use: Unknown.
CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
CISA due date: 2025-09-25. This is the catalog’s deadline, not an assessment of your organization’s exposure.
KEV checked 13 Nov 2026, 00:20 Jerusalem · Original catalog ↗Reported products and versions
Linux / Linux
Default status: unaffected
- affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 to < 78a4b8e3795b31dae58762bc091bb0f4f74a2200 (git)
- affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 to < c076635b3a42771ace7d276de8dc3bc76ee2ba1b (git)
- affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 to < 2f3daa04a9328220de46f0d5c919a6c0073a9f0b (git)
- affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 to < 764a7a5dfda23f69919441f2eac2a83e7db6e5bb (git)
- affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 to < 2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff (git)
- affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 to < c29d5318708e67ac13c1b6fc1007d179fb65b4d7 (git)
- affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 to < 460188bc042a3f40f72d34b9f7fc6ee66b0b757b (git)
- affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 to < f90fff1e152dedf52b932240ebbd670d83330eca (git)
Linux / Linux
Default status: affected
- affected: 2.6.36
- unaffected: 0 to < 2.6.36 (semver)
- unaffected: 5.4.295 to ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
- unaffected: 5.10.239 to ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
- unaffected: 5.15.186 to ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
- unaffected: 6.1.142 to ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
- unaffected: 6.6.94 to ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
- unaffected: 6.12.34 to ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
- unaffected: 6.15.3 to ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
- unaffected: 6.16 to ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Fixes and workarounds
No explicit solution text in the downloaded CVE record. Consult the vendor advisory; unaffected version ranges are shown above as reported, not inferred as a patch recommendation.
Sources and related reporting
CVE Program record ↗ · Download tracked evidence as JSON
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78a4b8e3795b31dae58762bc091bb0f4f74a2200
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c076635b3a42771ace7d276de8dc3bc76ee2ba1b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f3daa04a9328220de46f0d5c919a6c0073a9f0b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/764a7a5dfda23f69919441f2eac2a83e7db6e5bb
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c29d5318708e67ac13c1b6fc1007d179fb65b4d7
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/460188bc042a3f40f72d34b9f7fc6ee66b0b757b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f90fff1e152dedf52b932240ebbd670d83330eca
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-38352
- https://github.com/farazsth98/chronomaly
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html
Observed change timeline
History begins when Egret first downloads each source. It is not the complete upstream CVE history.
12 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-12",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.72065
}10 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-10",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.71896
}09 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-09",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.71864
}08 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-08",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.7185
}07 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-07",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.71829
}06 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-06",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.71785
}06 Nov 2026, 06:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-05",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.71762
}04 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-04",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.71742
}03 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-03",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.71696
}03 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · CVE Program record changed
Stored CNA snapshot at this observation.
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-38352",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "active"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-05T03:55:31.566379Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"dateAdded": "2025-09-04",
"reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-38352"
},
"type": "kev"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-367",
"description": "CWE-367 Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T15:32:28.302Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"government-resource"
],
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-38352"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/farazsth98/chronomaly"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:37:02.965Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "c076635b3a42771ace7d276de8dc3bc76ee2ba1b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "2f3daa04a9328220de46f0d5c919a6c0073a9f0b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
"lessThan": "460188bc042a3f40f72d34b9f7fc6ee66b0b757b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55",
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},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.6.36"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.6.36",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.295",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.239",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.186",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.142",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.94",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.34",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.295",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.239",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.186",
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.142",
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.94",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
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"versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
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"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nposix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()\n\nIf an exiting non-autoreaping task has already passed exit_notify() and\ncalls handle_posix_cpu_timers() from IRQ, it can be reaped by its parent\nor debugger right after unlock_task_sighand().\n\nIf a concurrent posix_cpu_timer_del() runs at that moment, it won't be\nable to detect timer->it.cpu.firing != 0: cpu_timer_task_rcu() and/or\nlock_task_sighand() will fail.\n\nAdd the tsk->exit_state check into run_posix_cpu_timers() to fix this.\n\nThis fix is not needed if CONFIG_POSIX_CPU_TIMERS_TASK_WORK=y, because\nexit_task_work() is called before exit_notify(). But the check still\nmakes sense, task_work_add(&tsk->posix_cputimers_work.work) will fail\nanyway in this case."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached purely through local syscalls — `timer_create`/`timer_settime`/`timer_delete` (or `clock_nanosleep`) plus `ptrace`/`waitpid` to control task reaping — with the trigger arriving via the local timer tick. There is no network-facing path into posix-cpu-timers.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: it arms the CPU timer expiry, chooses the precise moment of `release_task()` by calling `waitpid()` from its own parent/tracer, and issues the concurrent `timer_delete()` from a sibling thread — retryable in a tight loop and widenable by queueing up to 20 timers on the firing list. Real-world exploitation of this exact bug confirms it is reliably winnable.\nPR:L - No capability or permission check exists anywhere on the path — `validate_clock_permissions()`/`pid_for_clock()` gate only on thread-group/pid existence, and `grep` for `capable`/`CAP_` in both posix-timers files returns nothing. Any unprivileged local user, including a seccomp-confined Android app UID, can reach it.\nUI:N - The attacker's own processes and threads perform every step — creating the timer, exiting the traced thread, reaping it, and deleting the timer. No victim action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap objects and escalates within the kernel's own security authority, which is standard kernel privilege escalation. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed `struct sigqueue` is linked into the signal pending list by `send_sigqueue()` and later copied out to userspace through `dequeue_signal()`/`rt_sigtimedwait()`, disclosing whatever now occupies the reclaimed slab object — an effectively arbitrary kernel-memory read. The `do_cpu_nanosleep()` variant additionally exposes reclaimed kernel stack.\nI:H - `send_sigqueue()` writes into the freed object (`q->info.si_overrun++`) and performs a `list_add_tail()` linked-list insertion on attacker-resprayable memory, followed by a double free on dequeue — a classic controlled-write primitive leading to full privilege escalation, as demonstrated by in-the-wild exploitation of this flaw.\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation the race causes `BUG_ON(!(q->flags & SIGQUEUE_PREALLOC))` in `send_sigqueue()`, `WARN_ON_ONCE()` in the delete path, list corruption, and a double free — any of which oops or panic the kernel. Spinning the race is trivially repeatable as a denial of service."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:20.234Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78a4b8e3795b31dae58762bc091bb0f4f74a2200"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c076635b3a42771ace7d276de8dc3bc76ee2ba1b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f3daa04a9328220de46f0d5c919a6c0073a9f0b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/764a7a5dfda23f69919441f2eac2a83e7db6e5bb"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c29d5318708e67ac13c1b6fc1007d179fb65b4d7"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/460188bc042a3f40f72d34b9f7fc6ee66b0b757b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f90fff1e152dedf52b932240ebbd670d83330eca"
}
],
"title": "posix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-38352",
"datePublished": "2025-07-22T08:04:25.277Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.006Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T15:32:28.302Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}03 Nov 2026, 02:22 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-02",
"epss": 0.01357,
"percentile": 0.71663
}03 Nov 2026, 02:22 Jerusalem · CISA KEV status changed
Stored KEV snapshot at this observation.
{
"cveID": "CVE-2025-38352",
"cwes": [
"CWE-367"
],
"dateAdded": "2025-09-04",
"dueDate": "2025-09-25",
"forensicTriage": "No",
"knownRansomwareCampaignUse": "Unknown",
"notes": "This vulnerability affects a common open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. Please check with specific vendors for information on patching status. For more information, please see: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff ; https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-09-01 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38352",
"product": "Kernel",
"requiredAction": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
"shortDescription": "Linux kernel contains a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability that has a high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.",
"vendorProject": "Linux",
"vulnerabilityName": "Linux Kernel Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Condition Vulnerability"
}