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For more information, please see: ; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f28c4adbc4a97437874c9b669fd7958a8c6d6ce; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4c1ec11132ec466f7362a95f36a506ce4dc08c9; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f323a48e9b5ebfe6dc7d130fdf5c3c0e92a07c8; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c4491b5644e3a3708f3dbd7591be0a570135b84; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9aee87da5572b3a14075f501752e209801160d3d; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45bcf60fe49b37daab1acee57b27211ad1574042; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b34cbbf4f011a121ef7b2d7d6e6920a036d5285 ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39964\", \"product\": \"Kernel\", \"requiredAction\": \"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA\\u2019s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA\\u2019s \\u201cForensics Triage Requirements\\u201d (see URL in Notes). 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the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: af_alg - Disallow concurrent writes in af_alg_sendmsg\n\nIssuing two writes to the same af_alg socket is bogus as the\ndata will be interleaved in an unpredictable fashion.  Furthermore,\nconcurrent writes may create inconsistencies in the internal\nsocket state.\n\nDisallow this by adding a new ctx->write field that indiciates\nexclusive ownership for writing."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the AF_ALG socket family via `socket()`/`bind()`/`sendmsg()`/`recvmsg()` syscalls, which requires local system access. There is no remote or adjacent-network path to `af_alg_sendmsg()`.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race entirely \u2014 two of its own threads on a socket it owns \u2014 and can force writer A to park deterministically in `af_alg_wait_for_wmem()` by sizing `SO_SNDBUF` and filling it, then wake it on demand with its own `recvmsg()`. The error exit that leaves `cur == 0` is triggered at will with a deliberately faulting user buffer, so no condition is outside the attacker's control.\nPR:L - `alg_create()`, `alg_bind()` and `alg_setkey()` perform no capability checks whatsoever, so any unprivileged local user \u2014 including one inside a container or unprivileged user namespace \u2014 can open, bind and write to an AF_ALG skcipher/aead socket. The required modules are auto-loaded on demand via `MODULE_ALIAS_NETPROTO(AF_ALG)` and `request_module(\"algif-%s\")`.\nUI:N - The attacking process performs every step itself \u2014 socket creation, bind, and the two concurrent `sendmsg()` calls. No victim action or interaction of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap objects (`struct af_alg_tsgl`/scatterlist and adjacent slab memory) within the same security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or other trust boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The out-of-bounds scatterlist entry is fabricated from kernel list pointers and is subsequently handed to the cipher by `skcipher_recvmsg`/`aead_recvmsg` via `af_alg_pull_tsgl()`, so arbitrary kernel memory is encrypted/decrypted and returned to userspace. This yields a kernel memory disclosure primitive, not merely a pointer leak.\nI:H - `memcpy_from_msg(page_address(sg_page(sg)) + sg->offset + sg->length, msg, len)` on the underflowed scatterlist writes attacker-controlled data of attacker-chosen length to an address derived from attacker-influenceable heap contents. Combined with heap grooming of the 4KB tsgl allocations, this is a controlled kernel write suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - Dereferencing `page_address(sg_page(sg))` on a bogus page_link, and the later `put_page()` on that fabricated page, reliably produce an oops/panic or page refcount corruption. Any unprivileged user can trigger this repeatedly, crashing the machine."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:06:33.126Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f28c4adbc4a97437874c9b669fd7958a8c6d6ce"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4c1ec11132ec466f7362a95f36a506ce4dc08c9"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f323a48e9b5ebfe6dc7d130fdf5c3c0e92a07c8"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c4491b5644e3a3708f3dbd7591be0a570135b84"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9aee87da5572b3a14075f501752e209801160d3d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45bcf60fe49b37daab1acee57b27211ad1574042"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b34cbbf4f011a121ef7b2d7d6e6920a036d5285"}],"title":"crypto: af_alg - Disallow concurrent writes in af_alg_sendmsg","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2025-39964","datePublished":"2025-10-13T13:48:30.334Z","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.149Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T01:08:42.257Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"cna_checked":1794154800,"cve":"CVE-2025-39964","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: af_alg - Disallow concurrent writes in af_alg_sendmsg\n\nIssuing two writes to the same af_alg socket is bogus as the\ndata will be interleaved in an unpredictable fashion.  Furthermore,\nconcurrent writes may create inconsistencies in the internal\nsocket state.\n\nDisallow this by adding a new ctx->write field that indiciates\nexclusive ownership for writing.","epss":{"date":"2026-11-12","epss":0.01607,"percentile":0.76241},"epss_checked":1794522003,"first_seen":1793665375,"kev":{"cveID":"CVE-2025-39964","cwes":["CWE-362"],"dateAdded":"2026-09-18","dueDate":"2026-09-21","forensicTriage":"Yes","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","notes":"This vulnerability affects an open-source component, third-party library, protocol, or proprietary implementation that could be used by different products. For more information, please see: ; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f28c4adbc4a97437874c9b669fd7958a8c6d6ce; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4c1ec11132ec466f7362a95f36a506ce4dc08c9; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f323a48e9b5ebfe6dc7d130fdf5c3c0e92a07c8; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c4491b5644e3a3708f3dbd7591be0a570135b84; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9aee87da5572b3a14075f501752e209801160d3d; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45bcf60fe49b37daab1acee57b27211ad1574042; https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b34cbbf4f011a121ef7b2d7d6e6920a036d5285 ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39964","product":"Kernel","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA\u2019s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA\u2019s \u201cForensics Triage Requirements\u201d (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.","shortDescription":"Linux Kernel contains a race condition vulnerability which allows concurrent writes to the same AF_ALG socket causing data to be unpredictably interleaved and creating inconsistencies in the socket's internal state.","vendorProject":"Linux","vulnerabilityName":"Linux Kernel Race Condition Vulnerability"},"kev_checked":1794522003,"products":"Linux Linux","references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f28c4adbc4a97437874c9b669fd7958a8c6d6ce","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4c1ec11132ec466f7362a95f36a506ce4dc08c9","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f323a48e9b5ebfe6dc7d130fdf5c3c0e92a07c8","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c4491b5644e3a3708f3dbd7591be0a570135b84","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9aee87da5572b3a14075f501752e209801160d3d","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45bcf60fe49b37daab1acee57b27211ad1574042","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b34cbbf4f011a121ef7b2d7d6e6920a036d5285","https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-39964","https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html","https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"],"score":{"baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","provider":"Linux","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"solutions":"","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"crypto: af_alg - Disallow concurrent writes in af_alg_sendmsg","updated_at":1794500401,"workarounds":""},"sources":[]}