Exploitation evidence
Known exploited · CISA KEV listed
Added 2025-04-17. Ransomware campaign use: Unknown.
CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
CISA due date: 2025-05-08. This is the catalog’s deadline, not an assessment of your organization’s exposure.
KEV checked 13 Nov 2026, 00:20 Jerusalem · Original catalog ↗Reported products and versions
Apple / iOS and iPadOS
Default status: Not specified
- affected: 0 to < 18.4.1 (custom)
Apple / macOS
Default status: Not specified
- affected: 0 to < 15.4.1 (custom)
Apple / tvOS
Default status: Not specified
- affected: 0 to < 18.4.1 (custom)
Apple / visionOS
Default status: Not specified
- affected: 0 to < 2.4.1 (custom)
Fixes and workarounds
No explicit solution text in the downloaded CVE record. Consult the vendor advisory; unaffected version ranges are shown above as reported, not inferred as a patch recommendation.
Sources and related reporting
CVE Program record ↗ · Download tracked evidence as JSON
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31201
- https://github.com/JGoyd/iOS-Attack-Chain-CVE-2025-31200-CVE-2025-31201/blob/main/Remote%20Crypto%20Attack%20Chain%20.md
- https://github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/issues/200
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/4
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/3
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/0
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/14
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/26
Observed change timeline
History begins when Egret first downloads each source. It is not the complete upstream CVE history.
12 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-12",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.966
}10 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-10",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96579
}09 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-09",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96575
}08 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-08",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96573
}07 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-07",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96571
}06 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-06",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96566
}06 Nov 2026, 06:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-05",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96564
}04 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-04",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96561
}03 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-03",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96554
}03 Nov 2026, 18:20 Jerusalem · CVE Program record changed
Stored CNA snapshot at this observation.
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-31201",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "active"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-25T04:55:31.716038Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"dateAdded": "2025-04-17",
"reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31201"
},
"type": "kev"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1220",
"description": "CWE-1220 Insufficient Granularity of Access Control",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:28:13.077Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"government-resource"
],
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31201"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JGoyd/iOS-Attack-Chain-CVE-2025-31200-CVE-2025-31201/blob/main/Remote%20Crypto%20Attack%20Chain%20.md"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/issues/200"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:48:19.883Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/4"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/3"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/0"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/14"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/26"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "iOS and iPadOS",
"vendor": "Apple",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "18.4.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"product": "macOS",
"vendor": "Apple",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "15.4.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"product": "tvOS",
"vendor": "Apple",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "18.4.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"product": "visionOS",
"vendor": "Apple",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.4.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.",
"lang": "en"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T18:24:41.543Z",
"orgId": "286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c",
"shortName": "apple"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c",
"assignerShortName": "apple",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-31201",
"datePublished": "2025-04-16T18:24:31.230Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-03-27T16:13:58.315Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T18:24:41.543Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}03 Nov 2026, 02:22 Jerusalem · EPSS observation updated
Stored EPSS snapshot at this observation.
{
"date": "2026-11-02",
"epss": 0.13973,
"percentile": 0.96549
}03 Nov 2026, 02:22 Jerusalem · CISA KEV status changed
Stored KEV snapshot at this observation.
{
"cveID": "CVE-2025-31201",
"cwes": [],
"dateAdded": "2025-04-17",
"dueDate": "2025-05-08",
"forensicTriage": "No",
"knownRansomwareCampaignUse": "Unknown",
"notes": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31201",
"product": "Multiple Products",
"requiredAction": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
"shortDescription": "Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain an arbitrary read and write vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass Pointer Authentication.",
"vendorProject": "Apple",
"vulnerabilityName": "Apple Multiple Products Arbitrary Read and Write Vulnerability"
}